Решение: ИДЗ 2. Вариант 3
62
VARIANT 3
READING
Text 1
1. Read the text about shapers and planers. Answer the questions after
the text.
SHAPERS AND PLANERS
The shaper is used mainly to produce different flat surfaces. The tool
slides against the stationary workpiece and cuts on one stroke, returns to its
starting position, and then cuts on the next stroke after a slight lateral dis-
placement. In general, the shaper can make any surface with straight-line el-
ements. It uses only one cutting-tool and is relatively slow, because the return
stroke is idle. That is why the shaper is seldom found on a mass production
line. It is, however, valuable for tool production and for workshops where
flexibility is important and the relative slowness is unimportant.
The planer is the largest of the reciprocating machine tools. It is different
from the shaper, which moves a tool past a fixed workpiece because the plan-
er moves the workpiece to expose a new section to the tool. Like the shaper,
the planer is intended to produce vertical, horisontal, or diagonal cuts. It is
also possible to mount several tools at one time in any or all tool holders of a
planer to execute multiple simultaneous cuts.
GRINDERS
Grinders remove metal by a roating abrasive wheel. The wheel is com-
posed of many small grains of abrasive. The process gives very smooth and
accurate finishes. Only a small amount of material is removed at each passof
the wheel, so grinding machines require fine wheel regulation. The pressure
of the wheel against the workpieceis usually very light, so that grinding can
be carried out on fragile materials that can not be machined by other conven-
tional devices.
1. What is the shape of a cutter in a milling machine?
2. What moves in a milling machine, a table or a cutter?
3. What possible movements has the table of a milling machine?
4. What kind of surfaces and shapes may be machined by a milling machine?
5. What can we use a drilling machine for?
6. What kinds of drilling machines exist?
7. What must be done to execute multiple simultaneous cuts on a planer?
8. What is the working tool in a grinder?
9. Can we obtain a very smooth surface after grinding and why?
10. Can we grind fragile materials and why? Английский язык. Профессионально-ориентированный курс:
учебное пособие / О.М. Демидова, 2012. – 110 с.
В авторской редакции
63
Text 2
2. Read the text and do the tasks after the text.
METALS IN PERSPECTIVE
Modern civilization is based on metals and millions of tons are extracted
from the surface of the Earth every year. The place of metals in the modern
world is supreme in importance. About three-quarters of all known chemical
elements are metals.
Since the Stone Age, man has found many materials he could work with.
However, the materials that helped him most to develop were the metals. In
many regions of the Ancient World man used Jumps of native metals he could
pick from the surface of the ground: gold nuggets, lumps of native copper and
silver.
Archaeologists have found evidence of early metal-work dating as far back
as 10,000 ВС. Such finds were made in the Middle East, where deposits of
copper were most plentiful. This does not mean that this metal was easy to find,
but that there were more deposits in the Middle East than other parts of the
world.
Copper seems to be the first metal which began to oust stone. The
need for copper was great indeed. The advantages that copper had 6yer
stone as a material for weapons, tools, were obvious. The metal occured natu-
rally in the pure (free) state and had many good things about it: it could
readily be worked to any shape, flattened, pointed and holed. At first, man
made it into small things such as arrowheads. Before long, however, man no-
ticed that when hammered copper becomes harder and stronger, b
63
Text 2
2. Read the text and do the tasks after the text.
METALS IN PERSPECTIVE
Modern civilization is based on metals and millions of tons are extracted
from the surface of the Earth every year. The place of metals in the modern
world is supreme in importance. About three-quarters of all known chemical
elements are metals.
Since the Stone Age, man has found many materials he could work with.
However, the materials that helped him most to develop were the metals. In
many regions of the Ancient World man used Jumps of native metals he could
pick from the surface of the ground: gold nuggets, lumps of native copper and
silver.
Archaeologists have found evidence of early metal-work dating as far back
as 10,000 ВС. Such finds were made in the Middle East, where deposits of
copper were most plentiful. This does not mean that this metal was easy to find,
but that there were more deposits in the Middle East than other parts of the
world.
Copper seems to be the first metal which began to oust stone. The
need for copper was great indeed. The advantages that copper had 6yer
stone as a material for weapons, tools, were obvious. The metal occured natu-
rally in the pure (free) state and had many good things about it: it could
readily be worked to any shape, flattened, pointed and holed. At first, man
made it into small things such as arrowheads. Before long, however, man no-
ticed that when hammered copper becomes harder and stronger, but if it is
held over a fire – soft, malleable, easy to work.
Gold is the most malleable of all the metals. It is much softer than copper
and not very strong. But gold has been valued for thousands of years for its
beautiful luster and scarcity.
A) Decide whether the statements below are true (T) or false (F). If the
statement is false – write the correct variant.
1. The place of metals in the modern world is very important.
2. Gold was the first metal which began to oust stone.
3. Copper could easily be worked to any shape.
4. Copper had some advantages over the stone.
5. Silver is the most malleable of all metals.
Английский язык. Профессионально-ориентированный курс:
учебное пособие / О.М. Демидова, 2012. – 110 с.
В авторской редакции
64
B) Answer the questions to the text.
1. What is modern civilization based on?
2. What were the materials that helped man to develop? Why?
3. When did man start using metals?
4. Why is gold valued so highly?
5. What advantages did copper have over stone?
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
3. A. Choose the correct translation of the underlined word.
1. There are many brilliant scientists working in different fields of science
and technology in our country.
a) работают
b) работающих
c) работали
2. Delivering a lecture professor Petrov used some diagrams.
a) читающий
b) читая
c) чтение
3. They are discussing the agenda of the conference now.
a) обсуждающий
b) обсуждая
c) обсуждают
4. The substance being heated, the motion of its molecules increases.
a) нагреваемые
b) нагретая
c) нагреваясь
5. Air is a substance (состоящее) of mixtures of several gases.
a) by consisting
b) consisting
c) is consisting
Английский язык. Профессионально-ориентированный курс:
учебное пособие / О.М. Демидова, 2012. – 110 с.
В авторской редакции
65
B. In each line, find the word opposite in meaning to the first word of the
line.
1. similar a) simple, b) same, c) different, d) complete
2. common a) usual, b) extraordinary, c) proper, d) natural
3. expensive a) costly, b) essential, c) special, d) cheap
4. durable a) malleable, b) valuable, c) unreliable, d) possible
5. reduce a) decrease b) remove, c) remake, d) increase
TRANSLATION
4. T
Цена: 4.06 $.