Решение: Контрольная работа по английскому №1
ENERGY
In the language of science energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, such as heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical, atomic and so on.
One might also mention the two kinds of mechanical energy–potential and kinetic, potential energy being the energy of position while kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is well known that one form of energy can be changed into another. A waterfall may serve as an example. Water falling from its raised position, energy changes from potential to kinetic energy. The energy of falling water is generally used to turn the turbines of hydroelectric stations. The turbines in their turn drive the electric generators, the latter producing electric energy. Thus, the mechanical energy of falling water is turned into electric energy. The electric energy, in its turn, may betrays formed into any other necessary form.
When an object loses its potential energy, that energy is turned into kinetic energy. Thus, in the above-mentioned example when water is falling from its raised
position, it certainly loses its potential energy, that energy changing into kinetic energy.
We have already seen that energy of some kind must be employed to generate the electric current. Generally speaking, the "sources of energy usually employed to
produce current are either chemical as in the battery, or mechanical, as in the electromagnetic generator. Chemical sources of current having a limited application, the great quantities of electric energy generated today come from various forms of mechanical energy.
The rising standards of modern civilization and growing industrial application of the electric current result in an increasing need of energy. Every year we need more and more energy. We need it to do a lot of useful things that are done by electricity. However, the energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy needs of the world are increasing. These needs will continue to grow as more motors and melted metals are used in industry and more electric current is employed in everyday life. As a result, it is necessary to find new sources of energy.
The sun is an unlimited source of energy. However, at present, only a little part of solar energy is being used j directly. How can we employ solar energy directly to produce useful energy? This is a question which has interested scientists and inventors for a long time. Lavoisier and other great scientists of the past melted metals with the help of solar furnaces. Today, solar furnaces illustrate just one of the numerous ways to harness the sun. Using semiconductors, scientists, for example ,have transformed solar energy into electric energy.
Выпишите все незнакомые слова в свой рабочий словарик.
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Перепишите в тетрадь и переведите письменно третий, четвертый и пятый абзацы.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Задайте 5 видов вопросов вопросы к выделенному предложению. Запишите их и переведите на русский язык.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Найдите в тексте и выпишите слова с окончанием «-s», определите, какой частью речи являются эти слова и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
1. показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
2. признаком множественного числа существительного;
3. показателем притяжательного местоимения существительного.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Выпишите из текста и переведите предложения с оборотом “there + be”, учитывая правила перевода.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Найдите в тексте и выпишите случаи употребления глаголов в страдательном залоге, определите время. Переведите их на русский язык.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Выпишите из текста выражения, в которых существительные употребляются в функции определения и переведите их.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, отмечая, соответствуют ли они содержанию текста словами «да» или «нет».
We have already seen that ener
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, отмечая, соответствуют ли они содержанию текста словами «да» или «нет».
We have already seen that energy of some kind must be employed to generate the electric current.
Generally speaking, the "sources of energy usually employed to produce current are either chemical as in the battery, or mechanical, as in the electroоwater.
Chemical sources of current having a limited application, the great quantities of electric energy generated today come from various forms of kinetic energy.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски, где это необходимо. Подчеркните вставленные отрывки. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
One might also mention the two kinds of mechanical energy–………., potential energy being the energy of position while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
It is well known that one form of energy…. A waterfall may serve as an example. Water falling from its raised position, energy changes from potential….. The energy of falling water is generally used to turn the turbines ..... . The turbines in their turn drive the electric generators, the latter…... Thus, the mechanical energy of falling water is turned……. The electric energy, in its turn, may betrays formed into any other necessary form. When an object loses its potential energy, that energy is turned……... Thus, in the above-mentioned example when water is falling from its raised position, ……, that energy changing into kinetic energy.
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