Решение: Контрольная работа по английскому №3
ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ 3
äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ íàïðàâëåíèÿ «Ýêîíîìèêà»
III ñåìåñòð
1. Ïðî÷èòàéòå è ïåðåâå‰èòå òåêñò óñòíî.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
1. Many millions of people enjoy a quality of life today that
previous generations could not have dreamed of. Home owner-
ship, ðrivate cars and holidays are now standard for most families in
industrialised countries. And yet at the same time, billions of people in
other countries live without even clean drinking water. How can this
be? The answer is that the fortunate few live in countries with sustained
economic growth.
2. An economy is growing when the gross national product
is increasing year after year. When economists calculate economic
growth, though, they must take into account the effects of inflation. For
example, imagine that the gross national product of a country increased
from $500 billon to$ 510 billion from one year to another. That’s an
increase of two per cent in output. Very impressive! However, if the
rate of inflation was two per cent, then there has been no real
growth at all.
3. The other thing to remember about economic growth is that not
all growth is good. Governments want steady, sustainable growth. Sud-
den, sharp increases in growth — a boom — can cause the economy to
overheat and fall into recession. For many economies, the long run
growth over many years is steady, but the short run is a roller— coast-
er ride of boom and depression. For instance, the long run growth of the
UK economy since 1950 has been a steady 2.5% per year. However, if
you look closely at any decade you’ll see that there is a cycle of
growth, recession and recovery. The truth is, steady growth in the
short term is very hard to achieve.
4. Nevertheless, many countries are still struggling to achieve any
kind of growth at all. Why is this? What is necessary for growth to
happen? Many economists have tried to find the answer to this ques-
tion, and there are plenty of theories to choose from. However, most185
economists agree that there things are essential for economic
growth to occur: capital growth, savings and technological
progress.
5. Capital refers to the factories and machinery that the labour
force uses to turn raw materials into products. More workers and more
raw materials will only lead to a certain amount of growth. Eventually,
the economy needs more capital for the labour to use. Capital growth
can also include training and education for the labour force. This makes
the workforce more efficient, creative and productive.
6. Of course, someone has to pay for the new machines and train-
ing. In other words, capital growth needs investment. Money for in-
vestment needs to be borrowed from banks. Banks can only lend if
customers make savings. This is why savings are so important for
growth. However the economy will not grow if everyone is sav-
ing and no one is spending. Getting the right balance between con-
sumption and saving is another part of the challenge of economic growth.
7. But above all, technology is the real miracle worker of economic
growth. An advance in technology can increase productivity from the
same amount of capital and resources: just what the chancellor ordered!
2. Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíûé âàðèàíò èç ïðå‰ëîæåííûõ è
âñòàâüòå &#
2. a) ownership b) having c) belonging
3. a) boils over b) overheats c) warms up
4 a) bang b) boom c) balloon
5. a) roller-coasters b) big wheels c) bumper cars
6. a) growth b) increases ñ) progress
7. a) discovery b) recovery c) slump
8. a) overheat b) recover c) struggle
9. a) plenty b) a shortage c) none
10. a) hard-working b) rich c) lucky
11. a) challenge b) race c) boom
12. à) economist b) prime minister c) chancellor
13. a) sustainable b) sustained c) sustaining
3. Íàïèøèòå ïðàâèëüíû (T) èëè íåïðàâèëüíû (F) ñëå‰óþ-
ùèå óòâåðæ‰åíèÿ èç òåêñòà
1. Billions of the people in other countries live without clean
drinking water (I peragraph)
2. An economy isn’t growing when the GNP is increasing
(II paragraph)
3. All growth is good (II paragraph)
4. Economists have no idea about what causes economic growth
(IV paragraph)
5. The economy needs more labour to grow (V paragpaph)
6. Banks can’t lend if customers make savings (VI paragraph).
7. Technology can increase productivity (VII paragraph).
4. Ñîå‰èíèòå ñëîâà èç ïðàâîé êîëîíêè ñî ñëîâàìè èç ëåâîé
êîëîíêè è ïîëó÷èòå ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ èç òåêñòà.
1. quality à) of inflation
2. Previous b) and depression
3. Gross c) growth
4. Rate d) needs
5. Fall e) of life
6. Boom f) of growth
7. Money g) national product
8. Economic h) for investment
9. Cycle i) into recession
10. The economy j) generations5. Âûïèøèòå è ïåðåâå‰èòå âû‰åëåííûå ïðå‰ëîæåíèÿ èç
òåêñòà, ðàñïðå‰åëèâ èõ ñî„ëàñíî êîëîíêàì â òàáëèöå.
Óñëîâíûå Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã Ïðèäàòî÷íûå
ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
6. Îòâåòüòå íà âîïðîñû ê òåêñòó.
1. Do many people enjoy a quality of life to day? (I àáçàö)
2. When is economy growing? (II àáçàö)
3. What do governments want? (III àáçàö)
4. Capital growth needs investment, doesn’t it? (IV àáçàö)
5. What is the truth? (V àáçàö)
6. What is necessary for growth to happen? (VI àáçàö)
7. Can capital growth include training and education for the
labour force? (VII àáçàö)
7. Ïðî÷èòàéòå è ïåðåâå‰èòå àáçàöû 2 è 3 ïèñüìåííî.
8. Ê ñëå‰óþùåìó ïðå‰&#
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